The first test will cover materials from Chapter 12, Sections 1 through 6, as well as Chapter 5, Sections 1 through 3.  It's format will be mixed; there will be various questions which can be true/false questions, multiple choice, or computation, or others, depending on the topic (i.e., truth tables, Venn diagrams, etc.)  The test will be out of a grand total of 100 points, but not every question may be given the same weight, depending on relative difficulty or length.  For certain questions, there may also be partial credit given for answers which show appropriate work up to a point before they become incorrect (so show all your work whenever possible).  There will also be a bonus question for extra credit.  The topics for the test will run as follows:

• Logical statements, connectives, and statement forms (including the definition of certain symbols, or certain types of statements derived from others, i.e., negations, contrapositives, converses)
• Truth tables, logical equivalences, and logical implications
• Arguments, direct vs. indirect proofs, and determining validity of an argument
• Open statements (predicates), and statements involving quantifiers with predicates (especially involving negations, or determining when two statements are equivalent or have one imply another)
• Definitions of sets, elements of sets, special types of sets, and operations on sets (unions and intersections)
• Counting the number of elements in sets, especially the Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion and Venn diagrams

The questions on the test will be similar to what has been done in the homework, or in class examples, though you should have a good familiarity with definitions and all the appropriate concepts as well, and not merely memorize how to do specific types of problems.  It may also be helpful to keep in mind that there are usually multiple ways of arriving at an answer, so that knowing different approaches may help you solve a question if you become stuck thinking about it in one specific way.  For example, to show a logical implication, a truth table is a perfectly good method, but its length may make it more prone for small errors, so that analyzing the statement to determine specific cases may be more effective.  

In addition to previously assigned problems,  you should consult the Practice Problems at the end of each section (whose solutions are worked out at the end of the exercises), as well as questions not assigned for homework; the following is a list of questions not already on the homework which might be of relevance for the test:

Chapter 12, Section 1, pg. 581	Exercises 17 through 25 (odd only)
Chapter 12, Section 2, pg. 589	Exercises 35 and 36 (similar to question 5 in Section 12.4)
Chapter 12, Section 3, pg. 596	Exercises 2 through 14 (even only), 30 through 46
Chapter 12, Section 4, pg. 606	Exercises 16, 17, 19 through 29 (odd only), 32, 33
Chapter 12, Section 5, pg. 612	Exercises 1 through 27 (odd only)
Chapter 12, Section 6, pg. 622	Exercises 9 through 14
Chapter 12 Supplementary Exercises, pg. 630	Exercises 12, 13, and 14
Chapter 12 Chapter Test, pg. 632	Numbers 5 and 12 also, keep in mind answers for the other problems in the Chapter Test are in the back of the book
Chapter 5, Section 1, pg. 218	Exercises 1 through 31 (odd only), and 33 through 46
Chapter 5, Section 2, pg. 224	Exercises16 through 50 (even only)
Chapter 5, Section 3, pg. 230	Exercises 2 through 20 (even only), 41 through 46, 49 and 50

Many of the questions in these exercises listed above are similar to questions done in the homework already assigned, and are intended to give further practice in doing these types of problems.  As the class is only for 50 minutes, you will only have 50 minutes to complete the test, so it is also a good idea to show up early so you get as much time as you can.

The second test will cover materials from Chapter 5, Sections 4 through 7, as well as Chapter 6, Sections 1 through 6.  The format will be similar to the style of the homework questions from these sections, with the majority requiring you to compute a specific number for each question, so that a calculator is almost essential for this test.  The test will be out of a grand total of 100 points, but not every question may be given the same weight, depending on relative difficulty or length.  For certain questions, there may also be partial credit given for answers which show appropriate work up to a point before they become incorrect (so show all your work whenever possible).  There will also be a bonus question  (or more than one possibly ) for extra credit.  The topics for the test will run as follows:

• Multiplication principle, especially pertaining to permutations and combinations
• Binomial theorem
• Definitions associated with probability (i.e., events, sample spaces, etc.)
• Valid probabilities for a sample space
• Calculating probabilities of events given certain assumptions (such as each possible outcome being equally likely)
• Conditional probability, independence, and tree diagrams

The questions on the test will be similar to what has been done in the homework, or in class examples, though you should have a good familiarity with definitions and all the appropriate concepts as well, and not merely memorize how to do specific types of problems.  It may also be helpful to keep in mind that there are usually multiple ways of arriving at an answer, so that knowing different approaches may help you solve a question if you become stuck thinking about it in one specific way.  For example, we often use the Complement Rule to shorten the number of computations which must be performed in various applications, both in general counting and in probability.  

In addition to previously assigned problems,  you should consult the Practice Problems at the end of each section (whose solutions are worked out at the end of the exercises), as well as the Supplementary Exercises and Chapter Test for Chapter 6 (which was not assigned).  Problems from these sections to consult are as follows in the table below (and keep in mind, answers to each are in the back of the book):

Supplementary Exercises	Exercises 1 through 35
Chapter Test	Exercise 1 , and 3 through 11

Many of the questions in these exercises listed above are similar to questions done in the homework already assigned, and are intended to give further practice in doing these types of problems.  As the class is only for 50 minutes, you will only have 50 minutes to complete the test, so it is also a good idea to show up early so you get as much time as you can.  With that in mind, the questions (in my estimation) are not as hard as some of the homework problems; most of them should be easily workable if you are able to determine which of the basic formulas apply to the given situation at hand, and most are rather straightforward, as opposed to some questions in the homework which were somewhat tricky or difficult to visualize what was being asked for.

The third test will cover materials from Chapter 10, Sections 1 through 3.  The format will be similar to the style of the homework questions from these sections, with the majority requiring you to compute a specific number for each question, so that a calculator is absolutely essential for this test.  The test will be out of a grand total of 100 points, but not every question may be given the same weight, depending on relative difficulty or length, as before.  For certain questions, there may also be partial credit given for answers which show appropriate work up to a point before they become incorrect (so show all your work whenever possible).  There will also be a bonus question  (or more than one possibly ) for extra credit.  The topics for the test will run as follows:

• The difference between simple interest and compound interest
• Nominal rates of interest, interest rate per period, and effective rate of interest
  
• Present and future values of interest related accounts
  
• Increasing annuities, decreasing annuities, and calculating present/future values or rents given certain conditions
  
• Applications of annuity ideas to loans and mortgages, and the idea of balloon payments and unpaid balances

The questions on the test will be similar to what has been done in the homework, or in class examples, though you should have a good familiarity with definitions and all the appropriate concepts as well, and not merely memorize how to do specific types of problems.  It may also be helpful to keep in mind that there are usually multiple ways of arriving at an answer, so that knowing different approaches may help you solve a question if you become stuck thinking about it in one specific way.  For example, to compute the amount of a balloon payment, there are several different ways of figuring out what the unpaid balance is at a given point in time, but it is often times easier using a particular method given a certain set of known quantities and unknown quantities.  

In addition to previously assigned problems,  you should consult the Practice Problems at the end of each section (whose solutions are worked out at the end of the exercises), as well as the Supplementary Exercises and Chapter Test for Chapter 10 (which was not assigned).  You may also want to practice using the tables in Appendix A which give values you can use to compute present values and future values, as well as rents, for the various types of problems we have encountered in this chapter; while calculations can always be done with the formulas, there may be questions involving knowing how to use these tables directly, and so familiarity with how they work will be an additional advantage on the test.  Problems from the end of chapter sections to consult are as follows in the table below (and keep in mind, answers to each are in the back of the book):

Supplementary Exercises	Exercises 1 through  5, 7 through 17, 19 through 21, 23 through 25
Chapter Test	Exercise 1 through 9, 11, 12

Many of the questions in these exercises listed above are similar to questions done in the homework already assigned, and are intended to give further practice in doing these types of problems.  As the class is only for 50 minutes, you will only have 50 minutes to complete the test, so it is also a good idea to show up early so you get as much time as you can.  With that in mind, the questions (in my estimation) are not as hard as some of the homework problems; most of them should be easily workable if you are able to determine which of the basic formulas apply to the given situation at hand, and most are rather straightforward, as opposed to some questions in the homework which were somewhat tricky or difficult to visualize what was being asked for.  I will also try to ensure that the questions are as unambiguous as I can make them, so that it will hopefully always be clear what the questions are asking for specifically.  

The final exam is a cumulative exam lasting 2 and a half hours.  It will contain a mixture of various types of questions from each chapter we have covered; there will also be some multiple choice questions on the exam.  The questions themselves will be similar in content and structure to previous test and homework questions; there may be more emphasis placed on materials learned more recently, so that it is possible there will be fewer questions from the chapters covered first, and more from those covered later.  Don't forget to check the Homework Answer Keys section for solutions to all of the homework that was assigned this semester (there may be a few typos, but I will try to check each one again carefully to fix those, so you may want to check back more than once if you get an answer different than what is written).  Also, I have created solutions to the three previous tests, which you can find below:

If there are any questions not related to the actual content of the final, as always, contact me as soon as possible so that I may address them in a timely fashion.